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September 3, 2026World Electric Vehicle JournalOpen Access

Adaptive Physics-Informed Digital Twin-Based Energy Management for Dynamic Inductive Charging of Four-Wheel Drive Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Authors

KMKhaled MammeriRBRiad BouzidiBGBrahim Gasbaoui

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Overview

Hardware-in-the-loop evaluation demonstrates a 24.3% cost reduction in four-wheel drive hybrid electric vehicles, indicating viable real-time adaptive power management.

Key Points

  • To develop and evaluate an adaptive, physics-informed digital twin energy management framework for four-wheel drive fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles utilizing dynamic wireless charging.
  • Integrated physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), soft actor-critic (SAC) deep reinforcement learning, and model predictive control (MPC) with an Elastic Weight Consolidation digital twin updating every 50 cycles.
  • Engineered real-time five-degree-of-freedom misalignment compensation for dynamic wireless power transfer and degradation-aware vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power dispatch.
  • Tested the framework across 200+ hours of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation using a dSPACE and NVIDIA Jetson platform under dynamic lateral misalignment with 50 mm displacement amplitude.
  • Achieved a 24.3% overall cost reduction and reduced battery degradation by 31.8% while generating €582.50 per year in vehicle-to-grid revenue.
  • Attained a mean wireless power transfer efficiency of 91.5% under dynamic lateral misalignment, delivering a 5.57-year discounted payback period and a 10-year net present value of approximately €3777.
  • Satisfied real-time operational constraints within a 100-ms limit, with PINN battery state estimation averaging 1.1 ms (worst-case 2.8 ms) and MPC execution averaging 32.1 ms (worst-case 62.4 ms).

Cite This Study

Mammeri et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a99355b636c6408cfa7d88dhttps://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17090458
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