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September 3, 2026Journal of risk and financial managementOpen Access

Top Management Gender Diversity and Earnings Management: The Moderating Role of Controlling Shareholders in Indonesian Rural Banks

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Authors

SSumiadjiMUMuhamad UmarESEly Suhayati

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Overview

Panel data analysis reveals female top management chairs curb earnings management in rural banks, indicating that structural authority improves financial reporting integrity.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the impact of top management gender diversity on earnings management and determine how controlling shareholders moderate this relationship.
  • Analyzed an unbalanced panel of 213 rural banks in West Java, Indonesia, totaling 2,116 observations from 2016 to 2025.
  • Estimated parameters using a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM), alongside random effects and robust fixed effects models for robustness checks.
  • Proxied earnings management using discretionary loan loss provisions.
  • The overall proportion of female top managers shows no statistically significant association with discretionary loan loss provisions.
  • The presence of a female top management chair significantly reduces discretionary loan loss provisions, demonstrating that structural authority curbs opportunistic reporting.
  • Controlling shareholders positively moderate the relationship between a female chair and discretionary loan loss provisions, showing that concentrated ownership compromises managerial independence.

Cite This Study

Sumiadji et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a993586636c6408cfa7dd43https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19090661
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