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September 3, 2026FermentationOpen Access

Research Progress on Solid-State Fermentation Parameter Optimization and Related Technological Innovations

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Authors

YFYaru FengMAMengjie AnJCJie Cao

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Overview

Review summarizes parameter optimization and biotechnological innovations in solid-state fermentation, highlighting strategies for low-carbon organic waste upcycling.

Key Points

  • To review recent advances in operational parameter optimization, advanced biological and chemical enhancement strategies, and smart monitoring technologies in solid-state fermentation of organic waste.
  • Synthesized evidence on primary operational parameters, including carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, aeration frequency, temperature, humidity, and pH.
  • Evaluated enhancement mechanisms including biochar electron shuttling, synthetic microbial consortia, hydrothermal carbonization coupling, and bioelectrochemical systems driven by direct inter-species electron transfer.
  • Surveyed digital integration approaches, covering mathematical modeling, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence for process control.
  • Optimizing core parameters improves nitrogen retention while reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and antibiotic resistance genes.
  • Coupling modified biochar and synthetic microbial consortia enhances electron transfer kinetics and accelerates organic matter decomposition.
  • Integrating artificial intelligence, multi-omics, and life cycle assessment facilitates scalable, standardized, and low-carbon solid-state fermentation systems.

Cite This Study

Feng et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9935d8636c6408cfa7e587https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12090412
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