Preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of the client-centredness of goal setting scale in subacute rehabilitation

PURPOSE: To develop a Japanese version of the Client-Centredness of Goal Setting (C-COGS) scale and examine its measurement properties. METHODS: A convenience sample of 111 clients in four Japanese subacute rehabilitation wards participated in this cross-sectional psychometric study. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC), convergent validity (correlation with the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire; SDM-Q-9), and structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were assessed. Most fit indices supported the two-factor model (robust CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.961, SRMR = 0.058), although RMSEA (0.070) exceeded the cutoff; a WLSMV sensitivity analysis supported the same structure with poorer fit (RMSEA = 0.099). Ceiling effects exceeded the 15% criterion for all items, subscales, and the total score (30.6-74.8%); floor effects were not indicated. CONCLUSION: The Japanese C-COGS showed preliminary evidence for the properties examined. Content validity, responsiveness, known-groups validity, and measurement invariance remain to be established, and ceiling effects warrant caution in interpreting absolute scores.