The Effect of Spousal Bereavement on Depression in Older Adults: The Multiple Parallel Mediating Effects of Satisfaction with Relationships with Children and Cognitive Function

This study investigates the parallel mediating roles of cognitive function and satisfaction with adult children in the relationship between widowhood and depression among older Korean adults. Utilizing data from the National Survey of Older Koreans 2023 (N=8,691), we performed statistical analyses to evaluate parallel multiple mediation, while controlling for factors such as region, education, gender, and age group. The results indicated that widowhood significantly predicted lower cognitive function and reduced satisfaction with children, both of which were associated with higher levels of depression. Both indirect pathways were significant and had a comparable impact, together accounting for a substantial portion of the total effect of widowhood on depression. Additionally, the direct effect of widowhood remained significant even after accounting for both mediators, indicating partial mediation. However, the serial mediation analysis revealed no meaningful sequential relationship. These findings suggest that interventions for widowed older adults should adopt a dual-track approach, integrating cognitive stimulation programs with services aimed at strengthening relationships with adult children.