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Review reveals emerging therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and machine learning tools in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting pathways toward individualized precision care.
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is an aggressive subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with insidious onset, early metastasis, and dismal prognosis. Conventional multimodal therapy achieves limited survival benefit, highlighting an urgent need for refined precision strategies. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in HSCC, covering epidemiological characteristics, imaging diagnosis, prognostic prediction, surgical and non‐surgical treatment advances, as well as coding and non‐coding therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and candidate drugs. It further introduces the application of multi‐omics and machine learning in HSCC research, analyzes current challenges and future directions, and provides a theoretical reference for precise diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prognostic evaluation of HSCC.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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