Field errors have been observed to cause anomalous loss to an internal hoop and produce convection patterns which have potentials ~kTₑe. A simple model of plasma flowing along field lines accounts semiquantitatively for the observed anomalous loss and the production of convection patterns. The addition of a small (5%) toroidal field reduces the anomalous loss by a factor of 60 to the level given by classical ion-neutral diffusion across the field.
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Jernigan et al. (1971) studied this question.
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