Vitamin D and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Women of Reproductive Age: NHANES 2007–2018

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AIM: The relationship between vitamin D status and the development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is not well established. This study aimed to explore this potential association. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2007 to 2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study population comprised 3622 women aged 20-44 years with complete data on vitamin D levels and GDM history. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between vitamin D status and GDM. Vitamin D levels were categorized as deficient, inadequate, adequate, and excessive, consistent with prior literature. RESULTS: Analysis of data from 3622 participants revealed no significant association between vitamin D status and GDM. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratios for GDM across all vitamin D categories (inadequacy, adequacy, and excess) were not statistically significant when compared to the vitamin D-deficient group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study do not support an association between vitamin D status and the risk of GDM.