BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study explored the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women and identified risk factors for GDM after the implementation of the universal two-child policy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: On the basis of income and population, we randomly selected three hospitals through stratified and cluster sampling. From January 1 to July 31, 2016, 4959 women who had been registered within 12 weeks of gestation received a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria were used for the diagnosis of GDM. RESULTS: The OGTT was positive in 1080 (21.8%; 1080/4959) women, who were then diagnosed as having GDM on the basis of their results. GDM was positively associated with the following factors: advanced maternal age (p<0.001; adjusted odds ratio [OR]=4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.38-10.0, pre-pregnancy body mass index overweight (OR=2.44, 95% CI=1.78-3.34)/obesity (OR=10.9, 95% CI=6-19.6; p<0.001), paternal history of diabetes (p=0.003; OR=2.54, 95% CI=1.38-4.67), and maternal history of diabetes (p<0.001; OR=3.6, 95% CI=2.16-5.98). CONCLUSIONS: Qingdao has an exceptionally high estimated prevalence of GDM. Widely recognized risk factors for GDM were advanced age, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, and a family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. More options to prevent and manage GDM must be explored.
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Wu et al. (2019) studied this question.