We report the first measurements of the distribution function f of quasiparticles in a nonequilibrium superconductor. For a wide range of quasiparticle-injection energies, f(E)[1+exp((E-μ*)kT*)]^-1, where μ* and T* depend on the injection energy. Novel results include a negative μ*, a T* greater than the transition temperature, and a totally unanticipated bump in f at an energy of 3Δ, where Δ is the energy gap. This last result shows that detailed balance is violated in nonequilibrium states.
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Willemsen et al. (1978) studied this question.
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