Epicuticular waxes of spruce needles were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Needle samples originated from differently SO2‐polluted areas. The results show that the wax structures of the damaged trees are destroyed. The erosions of the waxes are not exclusively caused by air pollution; the wax structures are influenced also by the vitality of the individual tree.
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Grill et al. (1987) studied this question.
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