The study of deep crustal and upper mantle zones is one of the major problems of both theoretical and practical character in modern geology. Principal methods of lithosphere analysis are geophysical, mainly seismic ones, as they provide the most reliable data on lithospheric structure and its physical properties. In the past twenty years the methods largely employed in the Ukraine have been those of deep seismic sounding (DSS) and comman depth point. This article is based on the results of that work. As a rule, seismic exploration has been carried out along the geotraverses crossing the Ukraine's main tectonic structures. Continuous in-line profiling was the dominant method for the field investigations, while detailed systems of correlated travel-time curves were obtained for all the main types of waves (refracted, reflected, converted waves, etc) from the intracrustal boundaries, its bottom and, if possible, the upper mantie (Sollogub et al. 1973). During the field investigations the geophone spacing was 1-2 km, while the distance between the shot-points was 15-20 km for upper crust studies and 30-50 km for deep horizon analysis. The length of the travel-time curves was, respectively, 70-100 km and 180-220 km; to study the upper mantie they were extended to 400-600 km (Sollogub et al. 1980a). Interpretation included the use of all wave types, which increased the amount of information obtained.
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Sollogub et al. (1983) studied this question.