In situ generated hydrophobic micro ripples via π–π stacked pop-up reduced graphene oxide nanoflakes for extended critical heat flux and thermal conductivities

) and hydrophobicity were determined using FE-SEM, AFM and contact angle (CA) analysis. In our present investigation, during and after the nucleate CHF experiments with Pop-rGO-Nfs, for the first time, we obtained a higher CHF value of 175% at 0.01 vol% and a higher CA of 118° obtained at 0.05 vol%, due to the increase in surface hydrophobicity and the novel micro-rippled structures. We anticipate that the present results suggest that pool boiling employing Pop-rGO-Nf can dissipate the critical heat flux of electronic chips to a greater extent, allowing the enhancement of the cooling performance in existing two-phase heat transfer devices.