Long-distance triplet state diffusion in a TiO2/palladium-porphyrin bilayer (see Figure) results in efficient photo-induced charge separation. The larger efficiency for the palladium porphyrin compared with the metal-free or zinc derivatives is attributed to the strong spin–orbit coupling in the former, resulting in substantial singlet character of the triplet state.
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Kroeze et al. (2002) studied this question.
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