Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia

Hematological malignancies developing in autoimmune disorders have been reported in very few cases. Here, we describe a case where autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia that was unresponsive to multiple lines of treatments, and an initial bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The later emergence of blasts in peripheral blood confirmed the diagnosis of AML. This case underscores that AIHA can be an early presentation of acute myeloid leukemia.