Inclined Load Resistance of Anchors in Sand

Several field and laboratory tests have been conducted in the past to determine the ultimate uplift resistance of shallow and deep anchors in sand. A comprehensive review of most of the preview works and related theoretical considerations has been given by Vesic. In the majority of the tests, a vertical uplift load was applied at the geometric center of the horizontal anchors. Uplift resistance of inclined anchors have been considered by Kanayan and Meyerhof. In both of the previous studies, the direction of the applied pullout load was perpendicular to the plane of the anchor plate.