K. M. Hinkel, F. E. Nelson, Y. Shur, Jerry Brown, K. R. Everett, Temporal Changes in Moisture Content of the Active Layer and Near-Surface Permafrost at Barrow, Alaska, U.S.A.: 1962-1994, Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 28, No. 3, Arctic Soils and Permafrost: Special Issue in Memory of Kaye R. Everett (Aug., 1996), pp. 300-310
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Hinkel et al. (1996) studied this question.