Enzyme Activities in the Term Human Placenta: In Vitro Effect of Cadmium

The effect of cadmium (Cd) as CdCl2 on some placental enzyme activities were studied after explants had been incubated with the salt for 6 or 24 hr. The results indicated that, for both incubation periods, Cd at low doses had a stimulatory effect on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) (a phase I enzyme) and on quinone reductase and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) (both phase II enzymes). This effect was dose- and time-dependent. Only the activities of AHH and COMT showed a biphasic response, (i.e., increases at the lower dose levels and decreases with the higher ones), whereas that of quinone reductase continually increased with all the dose levels of the metal administered. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity was found to be inhibited at all the dose levels of Cd tested, the effect also being time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, it appears that the use of placental explants can serve as a valuable means for studying the toxic effects of certain xenobiotics, as reflected in the activity of various important enzymes.