One‐step production of CO‐ and CO2‐free hydrogen from biomass

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The reaction between a biomass (cellulose, sucrose, glucose, starch, cotton, or Japanese paper) and NaOH in the presence of water vapor produced pure hydrogen without CO and CO2 at temperatures in the range 473–623K. The addition of Ni/Al2O3 or Rh/Al2O3 catalyst to cellulose enhanced the production of hydrogen at <573 K. The reaction between cellulose and NaOH can be written as: C6H10O5 + 12NaOH + H2O = 6Na2CO3 + 12H2. The reactivities of alkali metal hydroxides were: KOH > NaOH ≫ LiOH.