Improved Process for Pilot-Scale Synthesis of Danshensu ((±)-DSS) and Its Enantiomer Derivatives

A pilot-scale process has been developed for green and scalable synthesis of (±)-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid ((±)-DSS) and their two important derivatives, namely, (±)-IDHP [(±)-isopropyl 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate] and (±)-DBZ [(±)-bornyl 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate]. Subsequent hydrogenation has been carried out by employing Raney Ni as catalyst. The improved process results in higher yields of 47.5% for (±)-DBZ and 49.2% for (±)-IDHP compared to the initial process with a yield of 12% for (±)-DBZ and 18% for (±)-IDHP in our original medicinal chemistry route. Furthermore, kilograms of optical DBZ [(−)- S -DBZ and (+)- R -DBZ, >99% ee] and IDHP [(−)- S -IDHP and (+)- R -IDHP, >99% ee] have been produced by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography in good yield (>84%).