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Highly transparent polymeric antifogging and frost-resisting films capable of conveniently healing scratches and cuts are fabricated by the dip-coating technique from a solution of hydrogen-bonded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Nafion complexes (denoted as PVA–Nafion), and then the as-prepared PVA–Nafion films are soaked in an aqueous NaOH solution to induce the formation of PVA crystallites. The dip-coated PVA–Nafion films can be deposited on plastic substrates such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate eyeglasses and are sufficiently flexible to endure repeated bending–unbending treatments. The PVA crystallites act as physical cross-linkers and significantly improve the stability of the PVA–Nafion antifogging films in water. Nafion has a hydrogen-bonding interaction with PVA that further improves the stability of the PVA–Nafion films. The excellent antifogging and frost-resisting capabilities of the PVA–Nafion films even under aggressive fogging and frosting conditions originate from the remarkable water-absorbing capacity of PVA in the films. The reversible hydrogen-bonding interactions between PVA and Nafion and the high mobility of the polymer chains triggered by water endow the PVA–Nafion films with the ability to rapidly and repeatedly heal scratches and cuts several hundreds of micrometers wide to restore their high transparency as well as antifogging and frost-resisting functions.
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Li et al. (2016) studied this question.
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