The Robertson meter, developed and widely used to respond to the erythemal‐action spectrum, has been adapted to measure the penetration of UV‐B into natural waters. When used underwater it is subject to a relatively small systematic error (<10%) only when it is used to make measurements at less than about five optical depths; it may then be assigned a specific mean wavelength near 312 nm. Measurements made at greater than five optical depths are subject to increasingly larger systematic error.
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Smith et al. (1976) studied this question.