Doping of a Eu 3+ for a tetravalent ion (Zr 4+ here) creates charge imbalance in the system that results in vacancies in the ZrO 2 lattice. Here, charge compensation is achieved by replacement of one Zr 4+ ion by a Eu 3+ and a Li + .
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Prakashbabu et al. (2016) studied this question.
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