Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-Pestalotiopsin A

An enantioselective total synthesis of both enantiomers of caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenoid pestalotiopsin A has been achieved, thereby establishing the absolute stereochemistry of natural (+)-pestalotiopsin A. Highlights of the synthesis include a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of N-propioloyl Oppolzer's camphorsultam and ketene dialkyl acetal and subsequent highly stereoselective 1,4-hydride addition/protonation, an aldol reaction of functionalized bicyclic lactone with aldehyde, an efficient intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction for the construction of the highly strained (E)-cyclononene ring, and a palladium-catalyzed reduction of allylic mesylate with retention of the E configuration.