Key result
Rotavirus infection was detected in 10.62% of cases and associated with higher clinical severity of diarrhoea, particularly long electropherotypes, whereas Norovirus incidence was very low (0.48%).
Why the study?
Rotavirus serotypes undergo constant regional changes and may respond to vaccines differently, motivating an evaluation of viral incidence, serotypes, and clinical severity.
Observational (n=207)
No
Rotavirus infections, particularly those with long arm electropherotypes, are associated with more severe acute watery diarrhea in children under 5 in Western India.
May inform regional rotavirus surveillance in pediatric diarrhea; leaves open electropherotype-specific risks and norovirus epidemiology.
Introduction: Rotavirus and Norovirus diarrhea pose highest threat to neonates and toddlers all over the world. Diarrhoea happens to be the second most common cause of under-5 mortality in India after Pneumonia. India has the highest incidence of rotavirus diarrhoea, contributing to about 1,50,000 inder-5 deaths annually. Virus serotypes do undergo constant changes, varying in different regions, thought of responding to vaccines differently. Objecive: A prospective observational study was undertaken in Kamothe, Navimumbai (India); enlisting 207 cases of acute watery diarrhoea among under-5 children to study incidence of Rotavirus and Norovirus as causal agents and their serotypes. Efforts were made to understand if virus positivity and their types were related to clinical severity of diarrhoea. Method: Stool samples were collected and tested for rotavirus and norovirus from cases of acte diarrhoea on clinical presentation and after excluding cases of dysentery on clinical presentation. 10.62% cases were found positive for rotavirus RNA by ELISA and 4.83% by Electropherotyping. Cases of acute watery diarrhoea having rotavirus positive and negative stool showed remarkable difference with diarrhoea severity assessed by Vesikary scores. Severe dehydration, stool frequency, vomiting and weight loss were associated with rotavirus infection in younger age group. Long electropherotypes were more prevalent (86.36%) and were associated with higher clinical severity of diarrhoea. P[8] was predominant (77.27%) followed by P[4] (13.63%) genotypes. Neither P[6] nor P[11] was detected. Those found positive for rotavirus in their stool samples, were negative in their serum by eletropherotyping. Only 0.48% of diarrhoea stool samples were found positive for Norovirus by ELISA. Conclusion: Rotavirus diarrhoes shown a decreasing trend in Navimumbai area as compared to previous years. Incidence of Norovirus infection was found very low. Rotavirus positive cases, particularly of long arm electropherotypes, showed clinical severity of diarrhoea as compared to short-arm types and in those found negative for rotavirus or Norovirus.
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Mohanty et al. (2020) conducted an observational in acute watery diarrhoea (n=207). Rotavirus and Norovirus infection vs. Rotavirus and Norovirus negative cases was evaluated on Incidence of Rotavirus and Norovirus and association with clinical severity. Rotavirus infection was detected in 10.62% of cases and associated with higher clinical severity of diarrhoea, particularly long electropherotypes, whereas Norovirus incidence was very low (0.48%).
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