Generalized Melanization and Histopathological Observations in Broodstock of Pen Shell Atrina maura

The hatchery seed production of the pen shell Atrina maura has been a persistent challenge for decades due to the hydrophobic nature of its larvae. Pen shell currently faces health issues in parts of its range in the northwestern Mexican Pacific and the Gulf of California, which may pose ecological and cultural risks. This study reports the poor health condition of the A. maura broodstock from two wild localities [Ensenada de La Paz (ELP) and Bahía Magdalena (BM)] used for aquaculture development. Analyses were done with animals collected from the field and with previously lab