Anxiety, Depression, and Psychological Distress in Vietnamese University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of university students. Vietnamese students face unique challenges due to financial instability, academic pressures, and cultural barriers to seeking mental health support. Purpose: This study aims to assess the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among Vietnamese university students and examine the influence of demographic factors such as financial support and academic year. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to October 2023, involving 508 university students. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results: Depression and anxiety were prevalent and significantly influenced by financial support (p < 0.05) and academic year (p < 0.05). However, gender differences were not statistically significant. Freshmen and financially independent students reported higher levels of distress. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted mental health interventions addressing financial and academic challenges to support student well-being