Leishmania infection occurring in herpes zoster lesions in an HIV-positive patient

We report the first case of co-infection with herpes zoster and leishmania in the same lesion, on the face of a 29-year-old female, who was an intravenous drug user and who was HIV positive. The infection was initially resistant to acyclovir and itraconazole, and the patient died due to severe internal complications, not attributed to visceral leishmaniasis. The prevalence of leishmania infection in the Mediterranean countries is increasing among the HIV-positive population because of the existence of human carriers. Paradoxically, most of these patients show mild forms of visceral leishmaniasis.