High planarity x-ray drive for ultrafast shockless-compression experiments

A spatially planar (Δtime∕time∼0.2%) longitudinal stress drive extending over millimeter scale lengths is used to shocklessly compress an aluminum sample to a peak stress of 210GPa over nanosecond time scales. Direct laser irradiation onto the inner wall of an Au halfraum creates an x ray distribution with a near-uniform blackbody temperature of up to 137eV. The x rays ablate material from a low-Z foil in a region of planarity closely matched to the diameter of the halfraum. The resultant ablatively driven shock is converted into a ramp-stress-wave in a secondary aluminum target through unloading across an intermediate vacuum gap. Higher peak stresses and shorter associated risetimes result from increasing input laser energy. Ramp-compression experiments can provide single shot equation-of-state data close to the isentrope, information on the kinetics of phase transformations, and material strength at high pressures.