Quantum confinement is an emerging technique for the development of futuristic devices. Use of porous alumina as a template for fabrication of quantum confined nanostructures of magnetic, metallic and semiconducting materials is a recent development. This process provides a simple low cost, scalable technique, suitable for economical volume production and is easily integrated with standard microelectronic technology. Lithographic steps are not involved in this self assembled nanostructure. In view of this, recent developments in this field are reviewed here. The basic alumina template is fabricated by controlled anodization of aluminium to form close packed hexagonal nanometer sized cells. The pore dimensions are easily controlled by adjusting the process parameters. A variety of materials are incorporated in these nanosize pores by suitable technique such as electrodeposition, sol-gel processing or vapour phase chemical reactions. A variety of futuristic devices can be fabricated by proper choice of the dimensions and the incorporated material. Some recent results are summarized in the present review.
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Jain et al. (2002) studied this question.