The effects of drop-size, dosage, and spray volume on the toxicity of aqueous sprays of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) were measured using sunflower (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Peredovik’). Small drops (100 μ) were more phytotoxic than large ones (350 μ), and concentrated solutions (5.5 L/ha) were more phytotoxic than dilute solutions (2.2 L/ha) at the same dosage rate.
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McKinlay et al. (1974) studied this question.
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