A metabolism crate to collect faeces and urine from steers has been designed to avoid the possibility of stress caused by harness. This consists of a raised platform under which are one faeces tray and two urine trays, urine running forward initially and then being conducted to a collection bottle. Faeces are collected in the faeces tray. Animals are held in the crate by a neck chain, the minimum amount of restraint being applied. The standing area and positioning of the trays are adaptable to the individual animal. The crates have been successfully used for a number of years.
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Timothy P. L. Smith (1979) studied this question.
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