Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Production capacity and the structure of steel production in the EU are reviewed in the context of the EU enlargement of May 2004 and compared with the global steel market. The energy and raw material supply situation (ore, coke, scrap, DRI) is discussed, together with price developments in areas such as transport costs and the effects of the National Allocation Plans for CO2 on competitiveness. Strategies for CO2 mitigation may involve use of hydrogen for direct reduction, as well as increased resource utilisation and energy efficiency. Technical developments in ironmaking and continuous casting are briefly surveyed. Collaborative research and product innovations will be vital in responding to global challenges.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ameling et al. (2005) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: