Key result
CasRx maintained its nuclease activity in HCoV-OC43 viral RNA while tolerating up to three mismatches in the guide RNA sequence.
Why the study?
To develop a proof-of-concept for a pan-coronavirus CRISPR effector system targeting conserved essential genes and evaluate the effect of gRNA mismatches on CasRx cleavage activity.
CasRx maintains nuclease activity against HCoV-OC43 viral RNA even with up to three mismatches in the gRNA sequence, highlighting the need to evaluate off-target effects in CRISPR experiments.
Viruses within a given family often share common essential genes that are highly conserved due to their critical role for the virus's replication and survival. In this work, we developed a proof-of-concept for a pan-coronavirus CRISPR effector system by designing CRISPR targets that are cross-reactive among essential genes of different human coronaviruses (HCoV). We designed CRISPR targets for both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene as well as the nucleocapsid (N) gene in coronaviruses. Using sequencing alignment, we determined the most highly conserved regions of these genes to design guide RNA (gRNA) sequences. In regions that were not completely homologous among HCoV species, we introduced mismatches into the gRNA sequence and tested the efficacy of CasRx, a Cas13d type CRISPR effector, using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in HCoV-OC43. We evaluated the effect that mismatches in gRNA sequences has on the cleavage activity of CasRx and found that this CRISPR effector can tolerate up to three mismatches while still maintaining its nuclease activity in HCoV-OC43 viral RNA. This work highlights the need to evaluate off-target effects of CasRx with gRNAs containing up to three mismatches in order to design safe and effective CRISPR experiments.
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Mayes et al. (2022) studied HCoV-OC43. CasRx with mismatched gRNAs was evaluated on Cleavage activity of CasRx in HCoV-OC43 viral RNA. CasRx maintained its nuclease activity in HCoV-OC43 viral RNA while tolerating up to three mismatches in the guide RNA sequence.
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