Electrical energy storage in batteries and electrochemical capacitors (ECs) will be vital for any future success in the global effort to shift energy usage away from fossil fuels. A marked improvement in the performance of these power sources is critical for this effort, yet both are mature technologies with over two centuries worth of chemical energy storage in batteries, while the physical principles underlying storing charge at electrochemical interfaces date to Helmholtz.
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Dunn et al. (2008) studied this question.
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