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, micro-CT analysis revealed a significantly higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in rat calvarial defects at 12 weeks, while histological examination confirmed the formation of mature trabecular bone. Overall, this MSN-mediated spatiotemporal delivery system effectively integrates immunomodulation with osteogenesis, providing a promising strategy for non-load-bearing osseointegration.
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Zhu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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