Rytter, J. L., Lukezic, F. L., Craig, R., and Moorman, G. W. 1989. Biological control of geranium rust by Bacillus subtilis. Phytopathology 79:367-370. Twelve strains of Bacillus were isolated from the leaves of geranium area, followed by the washed bacterial cell treatment. Nutrients affected the cultivars and tested for their effect on spore germination of Puccinia pathogen/antagonist interaction. Cells cultured and applied to leaves in pelargonii-zonalis, the causal agent of geranium rust. Of these, strain 3 of B. nutrient broth were more effective in reducing rust development compared subtilis, isolated from a rust-infected geranium leaf, inhibited spore with a culture filtrate. Eugon broth as a culture medium enhanced the germination and reduced the incidence of rust pustules on inoculated leaves antagonistic effect compared with cultures produced in nutrient broth. in the greenhouse. The inhibitory agent(s) was present in the culture filtrate When bacteria were applied for different periods before inoculation with of strain 3 and was retained in or on washed bacterial cells. The culture rust spores, the antagonistic effect persisted for at least 4 days after filtrate was most inhibitory in decreasing the amount of pustules per leaf application.
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Joann L. Rytter (1989) studied this question.