Hysteresis During Sol-Gel and Gel-Sol Phase Transitions of k-Carrageenan: A Photon Transmission Study

Photon transmission techniques were used to study sol-gel and gel-sol transitions in k-carrageenan-water systems with various carrageenan contents. The photon transmission intensity, I tr was monitored against temperature to determine critical phase transition temperatures and transition rates. It was observed that the sol-gel transition temperatures, T sg , were found much lower than the gel-sol, T gs , transition temperatures based on the hysteresis of the phase transition loops. Sol-gel and gel-sol activation energies were determined and it was found that a carrageenan-water system required less energy for the gel-sol transition than for the sol-gel transition.