The contribution of flicker noise to the overall noise temperature ratio of microwave crystals has been widely noted and the previous estimates have shown that this contribution extends at least to frequencies of the order of 45 Mc/s. The normal range of intermediate frequencies employed in radar receivers is 10 to 60 Mc/s. The paper attempts to assess the rate of variation of noise temperature ratio and to indicate how the values would affect the overall receiver noise factor of a given system having an intermediate frequency lying within this range.
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Sprinks et al. (1957) studied this question.