The role of micro-RNA in atherosclerosis

Introduction. Micro-RNA (miRNA) are small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Currently, circulating microRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods. A literature review of the last 10 years was conducted, using 30 bibliographic sources, including those from the “Nicolae Testemițanu” USMF Scientific Medical Library and electronic libraries such as PubMed, Elsevier, Cambridge Journals Online, Hinari, Medline, and MedScape. Results. A number of studies have estimated the major role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Hepatic overexpression of miR-30c significantly reduced atherosclerosis by decreasing cholesterol and ApoB-lipoprotein synthesis. Another study supports the conclusion that miR-30c-5p substantially protects human aortic endothelial cells from the cell death through pyroptosis. In one study, the administration of miR-23a-5p had a major impact on protection against atherosclerosis progression and improving plaque stability in dyslipidemic mice. Conclusions. miRNAs play a major role in regulating molecular processes that contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, including apoptosis, inflammation, and lipoprotein metabolism. Identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets opens new perspectives for the development of more effective treatments and early diagnostic methods for atherosclerosis.