Surface Functionalization of Protein Crystals with Carbohydrate Using Site-selective Bioconjugation

A crystalline solid protein assembly was functionalized with Lewis X (LeX) carbohydrates via site-selective bioconjugation of cysteine residues. An antibody can bind to the surface of modified crystals through antigen–antibody interactions. The surface modification of protein crystals would provide attractive materials for applications involving extracellular matrices, biosolid catalysis, and drug delivery systems.