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A reflectarray antenna, based on a single polarization element, by using a one port reflection amplifier is presented. A 2 × 2 subarray of the reflectarray was implemented by patch antennas, integrated with reflection amplifiers fabricated in a CMOS technology. In addition, a 100 GHz 2 × 2 active subarray for a transmitarray antenna was also designed and fabricated, using a two-port high-gain phase rotator. Design principles and the integration process are presented. Both antennas can be used for either phased array or for spatial modulation applications, as presented in this paper. Finally, the implementation of multilevel ASK spatial modulators employing the transmitarray is demonstrated.
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Landsberg et al. (2017) studied this question.
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