Hepatitis-B virus infection predicts mortality of HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients

To study hepatitis B virus (HBV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-HIV triple coinfection in the Spanish VACH cohort, we selected HCV-antibody positive patients who had recorded results for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and classified them as HBsAg positive or not. We compared their characteristics and outcome (death by any cause). Six thousand three hundred and seventy-nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three hundred and fifty-five (5.6%) were HBsAg positive, which showed an association with mortality (mortality rate ratio: 1.90; 95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.54). This association persisted after adjusting for other prognostic variables.