Understanding the development of youth Basketball referees in Brazil: A self-determination theory perspective

Sport officiating has received limited attention despite its importance for sustaining sport systems. This study explored how youth basketball referees in Brazil construct meaning around their training, development, and professional experiences. Guided by Self-Determination Theory and a social constructionist perspective, a qualitative design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six referees and two referee administrators involved in regional and state competitions. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Three themes were generated: (1) Entry and progression in basketball refereeing: between opportunity and autonomy; (2) Training and development in basketball refereeing: building competence; and (3) Social environment and recognition in basketball refereeing. Findings indicated that autonomy, competence, and relatedness were co-constructed through informal learning, organisational structures, and social interactions. While informal learning and social relationships supported development, limited structured training and organisational support constrained psychological need satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of theory-informed referee development programmes.