Crystalline Cd nanowires (see Figure) are synthesized by extrusion/pulling of a decomposed Cd2Nb2O7 single crystal, in which decomposition and phase separation are induced by He+ irradiation. During the formation, soft metallic Cd is extruded/pulled out as nanowires through pores in the exfoliated layer and the underlying substrate. The nanowire has a crystalline Cd core with a thin shell of CdO that formed upon exposure to air.
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Jiang et al. (2005) studied this question.
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