Developing and Validation of Intervention Program Based on Multiple Learning Systems for Students with Specific Learning with Reading Disabilities: Meta-Synthesis Study

Background and Purpose: One of the most important skills that play a key role in students' learning are reading skills. The purpose of this study is to design and validate an intervention program based on multiple learning systems for dyslexic students. Method: The present study was a meta-synthesis. five electronic databases from 2005 to 2021 were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. To obtain the selected articles for the analysis, systematic search strategies were used. The keywords procedural learning, statistics, sequence, dyslexia were searched in five databases including Scopus, Sciencedirect, PubMed, PsycINFO, Springer, Magiran, Sid and Noormags. As a result of this search, 229 articles were retrieved. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 research papers were selected for the study.The Sevenstep pattern of Sandelowski & Barroso research synthesis was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the identified codes, 10 main categories related to learning systems and 9 main categories in the field of Intervention programs were extracted. Some of the categories related to learning systems include implicit, non-verbal, gradual, behavioral and numerical learning. The categories related to Intervention programs were visual sequence, auditory sequence, motor sequence, sensory and motor coordination, language sequence, play, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and accuracy and concentration. The extracted categories were agreed upon by the coders (Kappa Cohen: 0.65). After identifying the goals, content, and activities of the learning systems, the training program was organized into 14 training sessions. The content validity ratio of the Lavshe table showed that the program's objectives and content were valid with a score of 0.85 and a content validity index of 0.79.