Emerging amine-functionalized layered double hydroxides as solid sorbents for direct air capture

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, 3D printing) essential for transitioning laboratory-scale LDH powders into structured contactors for industrial DAC processes. Finally, we outline future research directions, emphasizing the need for synergistic optimization across molecular design, macroscopic structuring, and low-energy regeneration process integration. This review aims to serve as a foundational reference and provide rational guidance for developing high-performance, cost-effective LDH-based sorbents to bridge the gap between material innovation and large-scale DAC implementation.