The phase relations and electrical properties of (1- x )(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 – x Ba(Al 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (abbreviated as BNT–BAN100 x ) ceramics were investigated in detail. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the rhombohedral ferroelectric and pseudocubic (tetragonal) relaxor phases of BNT–BAN100 x was determined at approximately x =0.055. A maximum piezoelectric constant d 33 of 133 pC/N was obtained at x =0.05 and a normalized strain d 33 * of 533 pm/V was obtained at x =0.055. This study revealed that the double-like hysteresis loops and large strain observed near the MPB composition are attributed to the 71 and 109° domain switchings and the switching back attributed to the pseudocubic ↔ rhombohedral phase transition. This study also showed the relationship between MPB position and the tolerance factor of the end member ABO 3 for (1- x )BNT– x ABO 3 solid solution systems. This indicates that the approximate MPB composition of BNT-based solid solutions can be predicted from the tolerance factors of their end members.
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Hiruma et al. (2009) studied this question.
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