Ca 2+ movement and apoptosis induced by deltamethrin in Madin–Darby canine kidney canine renal tubular cells

This study explored the effect of deltamethrin, a pesticide, on free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i, viability, and apoptosis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) canine renal tubular cells. Deltamethrin at concentrations between 10μM and 40μM evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and SKF96365. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) in a Ca(2+)-free medium abolished deltamethrin-induced [Ca(2+)]i rise. Treatment with deltamethrin also abolished BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity with U73122 abolished deltamethrin-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Deltamethrin killed cells at 30-60μM in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of deltamethrin was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with the acetoxymethyl ester of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data suggest that 30-50μM deltamethrin induced apoptosis. Together, in MDCK renal tubular cells, deltamethrin induced [Ca(2+)]i rises that involved Ca(2+) entry through protein kinase C-mediated store-operated Ca(2+) channels, and PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Deltamethrin also induced Ca(2+)-independent cell death that might involve apoptosis.