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The fabrication of highly ordered one-dimensional TiO 2 nanotube arrays on transparent conductive glass is of key interest for constructing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) from the front-side illumination mode. We report the formation of large-scale free-standing TiO 2 nanotube arrays via sonication of a TiO 2 nanotube on Ti foil prepared by an anodization process, which can be further transferred to the fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass via a drop of TiO 2 sol containing Ti(OBu) 4 and polyethylene glycol. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on 20.8 μm length TiO 2 nanotube arrays on FTO glass reached 8.07%, which is higher than that of a TiO 2 nanoparticle electrode (7.58%) because of the reduced electron combination and efficient light-harvesting efficiency for the former. It is also observed that the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs measured from the front-side illumination mode (8.07%) is higher than that of the back-side illumination mode (7.29%) owing to the light absorption by the iodine electrolyte and light reflection by the Pt counter electrode for the latter.
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Lei et al. (2010) studied this question.
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